1) Vedic literature reflects the social and economic conditions of the time period. Elucidate (Answer in 150 words) 10
UPSC Mains Syllabus topic: Salient aspects of Literature from ancient to modern times.Why was this question asked?: Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment- (2020) Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment (2013)
Introduction: Vedic literature, including the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, offers valuable insights into the social and economic conditions of ancient India, providing a glimpse into the societal fabric and economic activities of the Vedic period.
Body:
I. Social Condition:
1. Rigidity of Varna System: Vedic literature highlights the hierarchical division of society into four varnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras), emphasizing the social stratification and limited mobility between these classes.
2. Role of Women: Vedic texts illustrate the important role played by women in society, as seen in hymns dedicated to goddesses like Ushas (Dawn) and Aditi, indicating their presence and influence.
3. Rituals and Social Cohesion: Vedic literature portrays the significance of rituals and ceremonies, such as Yajnas and Soma sacrifices, in fostering social cohesion and reinforcing religious beliefs.