1. Examine the factors that led to the emergence of regionalism in post-independence India and its implications for national integration.
UPSC Mains Syllabus topic: Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.Why was this question asked? (Theme – Regional integration in post-independence India) Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.
Introduction: Post-independence India witnessed the emergence of regionalism, which refers to the rise of regional identities and demands for greater autonomy or regional rights due to following reasons-
Body:
I. Linguistic Diversity:
1. Language-based movements: Highlight the importance of language as a marker of identity and the role of language based movements like the Anti-Hindi Agitation in Tamil Nadu (1965).
2. Creation of linguistic states: Discuss the reorganization of states based on linguistic lines, such as the formation of Andhra Pradesh (1953) and the subsequent demands for separate states.
II. Socio-Cultural Differences:
1. Regional cultural identities: Explore how diverse cultural practices, traditions, and customs gave rise to regional identities and aspirations for self-governance.
2. Caste and regional politics: Highlight the influence of caste-based politics in different regions, contributing to regional mobilization.
III. Economic Disparities:
1. Regional economic imbalances: Discuss how uneven economic development across regions led to regional aspirations for greater control over resources and development.
2. Resource distribution: Explain the demands for resource redistribution, particularly in resource-rich states like Jharkhand and Odisha.
IV. Political Aspirations:
– Regional political parties like DMK in Tamil Nadu and TDP in Andhra Pradesh played a significant role in articulating regional aspirations.
– Movements for statehood, such as the demand for Gorkhaland in West Bengal, reflected the desire for greater political autonomy and decentralization of power.
Conclusion: While it posed challenges to national integration, regionalism also provided opportunities for greater representation and the recognition of diverse identities. Efforts to address regional concerns while fostering a sense of unity and common purpose are crucial for maintaining a strong and inclusive nation.