1) Evaluate the religious and cultural significance of Yaksha and Yakshini worship in ancient Indian art and literature.
UPSC Mains Syllabus topic: Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern timesWhy was this question asked?: Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art, and architecture. (2022).
Introduction: Transcending religious boundaries, the reverence for Yaksha and Yakshini worship held immense religious and cultural significance in ancient India, leaving an indelible mark on its art and literature in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions.
Body:
I. Symbolism of Yaksha and Yakshini Worship:
1. Guardians and Protectors: Yakshas and Yakshinis were revered as divine guardians and protectors, symbolizing auspiciousness, prosperity, and fertility.
2. Abundance and Wealth: Their worship signified aspirations for material wealth, often depicted in association with overflowing treasures, jewelry, and abundance of natural resources.
II. Artistic Depictions in Sculptures and Paintings:
1. Intricate Sculptures: Yaksha and Yakshini sculptures adorned the ancient Indian temples, showcasing their captivating beauty, grace, and divine attributes.
2. Varied Iconography: From the Yaksha sculptures of Bharhut and Sanchi to the Yakshini images at the Ellora and Khajuraho caves, their representations varied in pose, attire, and symbolism.